Chapter 22 Ophthalmology
Ophthalmic Prostaglandins
MOA (Mechanism of Action)
Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and can lead to blindness if not treated. Strategies to reduce IOP include reducing the production and secretion of aqueous humor and facilitating its drainage.
PGs bind prostaglandin F (FP) receptors that are located on the ciliary muscle and reduce IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway. This is thought to be accomplished through the following mechanisms:
Side Effects
Local irritation: Conjunctival hyperemia (redness), itching, foreign body sensation, tearing, and eye pain are side effects.
Pigmentation of the iris: This occurs in patients with mixed-color irises (green-brown or blue-brown) and is a result of increased deposition of melanin. Pigmentation of the palpebral skin (eyelids) also occurs.