1. A term baby presents in heart failure shortly after birth. The fontanelle is noted to be bulging outward and a bruit is audible over the fontanelle. A further investigation is performed.

Figure 8.1.

2. The same infant had the following chest x-ray taken.

3. A term baby is born following a difficult vaginal delivery. No resuscitation is required and he is returned to his mother. Paediatricians are asked to review him at 18 hours of age as it is thought that he may have made some abnormal movements. He appears well on examination and an MRI scan is performed.

Figure 8.3.

4. A preterm baby, born at 28 weeks’ gestation has a follow-up scan carried out at 34 weeks corrected gestational age.

Figure 8.4.

5. This scan was carried out on a 25 week gestation infant, who is now 72 hours old. He had a very stormy first two days, requiring maximal inotropic support and high ventilatory pressures. He is now requiring no blood pressure support and is on minimal ventilation.

Figure 8.5.

6. A 27 week gestation baby has a routine head scan performed at 2 days of age.

Figure 8.6.

7. A routine head scan is performed in a 29 week gestation infant. Parents want to know what it shows and whether it means that their baby is going to be normal or not.

Figure 8.7.

8. A baby is known to have a congenital abnormality of the head antenatally. This scan is carried out after birth.

9. This scan was carried out on day 7 in an ex-26 week gestation infant.

10. A 25 week gestation infant has a scan performed at the age of 10 days.

Figure 8.10.

Figure 8.11.

a. What do these images show?

b. What is your management?

11. This is a routine scan carried out on a baby born at 30 weeks’ gestation who requires no ventilatory support and is tolerating full milk feeds by 5 days of life.

Figure 8.12.

12. Examine the scan below.

Figure 8.13.

13. A 29 week infant has a routine cranial ultrasound scan performed.

Figure 8.14.

14. A baby is born at term through meconium-stained liquor and requires full resuscitation. She has seizures noted at 1 hour of age and is given a loading dose of phenobarbitone. She is ventilated for the first 12 hours and then copes without respiratory support. She has established feeding by day 7 and is discharged at day 10. An MRI is carried out the day before discharge.

Figure 8.15.

15. A baby girl is delivered by caesarean section for failure to progress. She has a large abdomen at birth with masses palpable bilaterally.

Figure 8.16.

16. A routine cranial ultrasound scan is carried out on a 31 week gestation infant.

Figure 8.17.

17. A baby born at 36 weeks gestation has severe RDS with a history of prolonged rupture of membranes for 5 days. He is treated with antibiotics and is transferred for high frequency oscillation ventilation. He was initially hypotensive requiring maximal inotropic support. A scan is carried out on day 3 after transfer.

a. Describe the scan.

Figure 8.18a.

A few days later, a further scan was obtained.

b. Describe the changes.

Figure 8.18b.

18. Following an abnormal cranial ultrasound scan, further imaging is carried out.

Figure 8.19.

19. A woman is scanned antenatally at 30 weeks.

Figure 8.20.

20. Examine the scan below.

Figure 8.21.

21. A woman is referred for a detailed fetal scan and has been found to have a raised alphafetoprotein.

22. A term infant is born vaginally following a rapid delivery. At 24 hours of age she is noted to be irritable and feeding is poor. A cranial ultrasound is performed and raises some concerns. Another investigation is performed.

Figure 8.23.

23. An infant is noted on postnatal examination to have a large head circumference, with a bulging fontanelle. He is asymptomatic and feeding well by bottle. An MRI scan is performed.

Figure 8.24.

24. A CT scan has been performed on a growth retarded baby born at 38 weeks gestation. There is mixed hyperbilirubinaemia and a petechial rash.

Figure 8.25.

25. An MRI scan is carried out on a six month old infant.

26. A term baby is delivered with a growth at the back of the skull. She has an MRI scan as shown below.

27. A cranial ultrasound scan is carried out in a 25 week infant. She has been transferred in for intensive care from a level 2 unit. She seemed to be relatively stable for the first 24 hours after birth but at the age of 26 hours becomes acidotic and pale and required fluid resuscitation and increasing ventilation. A scan is carried out and is shown. Describe the scan.

Figure 8.28.

1.