Knee and Lower Leg

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Last modified 16/03/2015

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Chapter 7

Knee and Lower Leg

Robert F. LaPrade, Nicholas I. Kennedy

Regional Anatomy

Osteology

Distal Femur (Fig. 7-1)

Muscles

Knee and leg muscles are best considered in groups or compartments (Figs. 7-6 and 7-7; Tables 7-1 and 7-2)

Table 7-2

Muscles of the Leg

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION
Anterior Compartment
Tibialis anterior Lateral tibia Medial cuneiform, first metatarsal Dorsiflex, invert foot Deep peroneal (L4)
Extensor hallucis longus Mid fibula Great toe distal phalanx Dorsiflex, extend toe Deep peroneal (L5)
Extensor digitorum longus Tibial plateau/fibula Toe middle and distal phalanges Dorsiflex, extend toes Deep peroneal (L5)
Peroneus tertius Fibula and extensor digitorum longus tendon Fifth metatarsal Evert, plantar flex, abduct foot Deep peroneal (S1)
Lateral Compartment
Peroneus longus Proximal fibula Medial cuneiform, first metatarsal Evert, plantar flex, abduct foot Superficial peroneal (S1)
Peroneus brevis Distal fibula Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal Evert foot Superficial peroneal (S1)
Superficial Posterior Compartment
Gastrocnemius Posterior, medial, and lateral femoral condyles Calcaneus Plantar flex foot Tibial (S1)
Soleus Fibula/tibia Calcaneus Plantar flex foot Tibial (S1)
Plantaris Lateral femoral condyle Calcaneus Plantar flex foot Tibial (S1)
Deep Posterior Compartment
Popliteus Lateral femoral condyle, fibular head Proximal tibia Flex, internal rotation knee Tibial (L5, S1)
Flexor hallucis longus Fibula Great toe distal phalanx Plantar flex great toe Tibial (S1)
Flexor digitorum longus Tibia Second-fifth toe distal phalanges Plantar flex toes, foot Tibial (S1, S2)
Tibialis posterior Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane Navicular, medial cuneiform Invert/plantar flex foot Tibial (L4, L5)

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Superficial Landmarks

(Fig. 7-11)

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