Coronary artery stents
Coronary artery stents were first developed in the 1980s and are now placed in most percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Interventional cardiologists have a wide choice of stents for implantation. The choices range from bare-metal stents (BMSs) and drug-eluting stents (DESs) (Table 144-1) that are widely used in contemporary practice to new stents, such as DESs with novel coatings, biodegradable stents, DESs with biodegradable polymers, DESs that are polymer free, dedicated bifurcation stents, and self-expanding stents. A number of DESs are currently undergoing study or are available outside the United States (Table 144-2).
Table 144-1
U.S. Food and Drug Administration–Approved Drug-Eluting Stents
Stent | Manufacturer | Drug Eluted |
Cypher | J&J Cordis | Sirolimus |
TAXUS Express and Liberté | Boston Scientific | Paclitaxel |
Endeavor | Medtronic | Zotarolimus |
Xience V | Guidant, Abbott | Everolimus |
Table 144-2
Metallic Stents Available Outside the United States or Undergoing Clinical Evaluation
Stent | Drug(s) Eluted | Approved Outside U.S. | Ongoing Trials |
Endeavor RESOLUTE | Zotarolimus | X | |
Elixir DESyne | Novolimus | X | |
TAXUS Element | Paclitaxel | X | |
PROMUS Element | Everolimus | X | |
Supramilus | Sirolimus | X | |
Excel Stent | Sirolimus | X | |
NEVO | Sirolimus | X | |
BioMatrix | Biolimus A9 | X | |
NOBORI | Biolimus A9 | X | |
Axxess | Biolimus A9 | X | |
XTENT | Biolimus A9 | X | |
SYNERGY | Everolimus | X | |
Combo | EPC + sirolimus | X | |
Elixir Myolimus | Myolimus | X | |
Infinnium | Paclitaxel | X | |
JACTAX Liberté | Paclitaxel | X | |
AmazoniaPax | Paclitaxel | X | |
BioFREEDOM | Biolimus A9 | X |