Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis and Esophagitis

Published on 19/07/2015 by admin

Filed under Radiology

Last modified 22/04/2025

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 “Eosinophilic gastroenteritis” is a misnomer; can affect any portion of GI tract

• Requires 4 criteria for diagnosis

image Presence of GI symptoms
image Biopsy proof of eosinophilic infiltration of 1 or more areas of GI tract
image Absence of eosinophilic involvement of multiple organs outside GI tract
image Absence of parasitic infestation

IMAGING

• Esophageal involvement (eosinophilic esophagitis)

image Most characteristic findings: Ringed esophagus (concentric, thin, web-like strictures)
image May coexist with longer strictures
image Strictures, webs, and spasm account for symptoms of food and pill impaction within esophagus
• GI involvement

image Most common site of GI tract involvement
image Nonspecific fold thickening ± submucosal edema
image ± malabsorption pattern (dilution of barium, etc.)

TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

• Intestinal parasites and infestation
• Other causes of esophagitis and stricture
• Esophageal webs

PATHOLOGY

• Most patients have history of food intolerance &/or multiple allergies

DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

• Yield of imaging is probably highest in eosinophilic esophagitis
image
(Left) Films from an esophagram in a 33-year-old woman complaining of food sticking in her esophagus demonstrate several ring-like strictures of the proximal esophagus image as well as more distal and longer strictures image. These were persistent on multiple films.

image
(Right) Endoscopic photograph in the same patient shows the same ring-like strictures likened to tracheal rings and considered characteristic of this disorder.
image
(Left) Spot film from an esophagram in a 7-year-old girl shows a shortened esophagus pulling the stomach image into the chest. A mild mid esophageal stricture image is also noted. The appearance is diagnostic of esophagitis, but not the specific type.

image
(Right) Oblique esophagram in the same patient shows the hiatal hernia image and stricture image again.