OVERVIEW.

Vasopneumatic compression devices (VCD) are a form of compression therapy that uses mechanical force from a pump to intermittently exerts external pressure on a body part (i.e., increasing hydrostatic pressure, milking effects on fluid). The device typically includes a chambered sleeve wrapped around the involved limb, a connecting elastic tube, and an electric pump.¹

Vasopneumatic compression devices are used to treat lymphedema, reduce edema (due to venous insufficiency), help heal venous stasis ulcers (due to impaired circulation), prophylactically reduce the incidence of DVTs in postoperative patients, reshape residual limbs following amputation, and control hypertrophic scarring. Note: Because ICP can be applied at pressures that act as a tourniquet or induce fluid overload in some patients who have compromised cardiovascular systems, proper screening and monitoring are required.²

SUMMARY: CONTRAINDICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS.

Five sources cited a total of 16 concerns for vasopneumatic compression devices. Concerns ranged from 2 to 16 per source, with a physical therapist citing the largest number. Most concerns were circulatory (about 45%). The most frequently cited concerns were deep vein thromboses, congestive heart failure, and severe peripheral artery disease.

SUMMARY: ADVERSE EVENTS.

Many of the reported compression device complications³ (embolism-related deaths; palsies, pressure ulcers, compartment syndromes) stem from its use in DVT prophylaxis with surgical patients. In this protocol (compression lasts 12 seconds per minute, 40 mm Hg), calf compressions serve to reproduce leg contractions, promote venous return, and stimulate fibrinolysis for the prevention of thrombus formation.²