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Published on 02/06/2015 by admin

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Last modified 02/06/2015

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U

Ulcerative Colitis

• Crohn’s disease
• Bacterial infections
• Acute: Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, Chlamydia, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, gonococcal proctitis
• Chronic: Whipple’s disease, TB, enterocolitis
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Protozoal and parasitic infections (amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis)
• Neoplasm (intestinal lymphoma, carcinoma of colon)
• Ischemic bowel disease
• Diverticulitis
• Celiac sprue, collagenous colitis, irradiation enteritis, endometriosis, gay bowel syndrome

Urethral Discharge and Dysuria

• Urethritis (gonococcal, chlamydial, trichomonal)
• Cystitis
• Prostatitis
• Vaginitis (candidiasis, chemical)
• Meatal stenosis
• Interstitial cystitis
• Trauma (foreign body, masturbation, horseback or bike riding)

Urethritis, Gonococcal

• Nongonococcal urethritis
• Herpes simplex virus

Urethritis, Nongonococcal

• Gonococcal urethritis
• Herpes simplex virus
• Trichomoniasis

Uric Acid Stones

• Hyperuricemia
• Excessive dietary purine
• Medications (salicylates, allopurinol, probenecid)
• Urine pH < 5.5 (e.g., diarrhea, high animal protein diet)
• Decreased urine output (dehydration, malabsorption, diarrhea, inadequate fluid intake)
• Tumor lysis
• Hemolytic anemia
• Myeloproliferative disorders

Urinary Retention, Acute

• Mechanical obstruction: urethral stone, foreign body, urethral stricture, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate carcinoma, prostatitis, trauma with hematoma formation)
• Neurogenic bladder
• Neurologic disease (multiple sclerosis [MS], parkinsonism, tabes dorsalis, cerebrovascular accident [CVA])
• Spinal cord injury
• CNS neoplasm (primary or metastatic)
• Spinal anesthesia
• Lower urinary tract instrumentation
• Medications (antihistamines, antidepressants, narcotics, anticholinergics)
• Abdominal or pelvic surgery
• Alcohol toxicity
• Pregnancy
• Anxiety
• Encephalitis
• Postoperative pain
• Spina bifida occulta

Urinary Tract Infection

• Interstitial cystitis
• Vaginitis
• Urethritis (gonococcal, nongonococcal, Trichomonas)
• Frequency-urgency syndrome, prostatitis (acute and chronic)
• Obstructive uropathy
• Infected stones
• Fistulas
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