Test Questions
William R. Grubb and Andrew T. Burr
Questions | Chapter 2: Principles of Ultrasound
2-1. Clinically useful ultrasound imaging waves are:
2-2. True concerning frequency of ultrasound signals include all but:
A Higher frequencies provide better resolution
B Higher frequencies are attenuated
C Higher frequencies are used in the epicardial probes relative to TEE probes
2-4. Which is not a cause of attenuation?
2-5. Which is not true when describing the piezoelectric crystals?
Answers | Chapter 2: Principles of Ultrasound
Questions | Chapter 3: Transducers and Instrumentation
3-1. The use of a damping material is applied to the transducer lens to accomplish all the following except:
A Shorten the length of an ultrasound pulse
B Improve axial resolution for an imaging transducer
C Results in a more homogeneous bandwidth
D Results in a less homogeneous bandwidth for better image acquisition
3-2. All true about axial resolution except:
3-3. True about spatial pulse length is:
A Does not affect axial resolution
B Determined by the number of cycles and the length of each cycle
Answers | Chapter 3: Transducers and Instrumentation
Questions | Chapter 4: Equipment, Infection Control, and Safety
4-1. Acceptable cleaning solutions for the active tip of TEE probe are (multiple answers):
4-2. If the insulation for TEE probe is broken, consequences can be:
4-3. The reason why a probe cannot be removed from a patient’s esophagus:
4-4. It is possible to break TEE probe flexion lock by:
4-5. Which are contraindications for TEE? (multiple answers)
Answers | Chapter 4: Equipment, Infection Control, and Safety
Questions | Chapter 5: Principles of Doppler Ultrasound (True or False)
5-1. Focusing of the transducer beam is accomplished by the use of lenses and electronic phasing
5-2. The intensity of the ultrasound beam decreases in tissue deeper than the focal point of the system
5-3. The near zone length defines the furthest extent of the fresnel zone
5-4. Adding a damping material to a transducer will improve axial resolution because the spatial pulse length decreases
5-5. The duty factor is the percentage of time the transducer is actively putting signal into a tissue
5-6. The bandwidth of the transducer refers to the range of frequencies over which the transducer can respond and is determined by the difference between the highest and lowest usable frequencies
5-7. A shorter pulse duration results in a broader bandwidth
5-8. Modalities that require good axial resolution, such as 2-D, M-mode, and color Doppler, require fewer cycles in a pulse, resulting in a short spatial pulse length
5-9. A 4 MHz transducer transmits a range of frequencies with an average of 4 MHz
5-10. A single pulse from an ultrasound transducer contains a range of frequencies
5-11. Increasing gain (transmit power) increases the voltage going through the piezoelectric crystal producing a better signal to noise ratio
Answers | Chapter 5: Principles of Doppler Ultrasound
Questions | Chapter 6: Quantitative M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
A Is not a form of B-mode echo
B Best for examining the timing of cardiac events
6-2. M-mode echo is useful to detect all the following except:
A The function of the cusps of the mitral valve
B The function of the cusps of the aortic valve
C The thickening of the ventricle walls during systolic
D Speed of passage of red blood cells through the aortic valve as part of the continuity equation
6-3. Color M-mode technology is used to help assess diastolic function in the following manner:
A Measure tissue movement of the mitral annulus
B Measure velocities of mitral inflow patterns
C Create the estimation of velocity of propagation by measuring the movement of a column of blood through the ventricle from the mitral valve to the apex
6-4. M-mode assessment of the aortic valve in patients with aortic insufficiency is notable in that:
A Valve cusps seen in cross section do not approximate in diastoli
B There is no appearance of the “boxcar”-like image
C Valve cusps seen in cross section do not approximate in systoli
6-5. Unique features concerning M-mode echo include all except:
Answers | Chapter 6: Quantitative M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
Questions | Chapter 7: Quantitative Doppler
7-1. Increasing the depth of data acquisition will:
7-2. True concerning PRF except:
A It is the number of times the transducer is excited each second
B It is the reciprocal of the PRP
7-3. Range ambiguity is a feature of:
7-4. The velocity time integral is used in the continuity equation to estimate:
A Length that blood flowed over time in cm
B Area of valves in cm squared
7-5. A cross sectional area multiplied by a VTI (estimated with a Doppler determination of velocities over time) determines a:
Answers | Chapter 7: Quantitative Doppler
Questions | Chapter 8: Doppler Profiles and Assessment of Diastolic Function
8-1. All are true about severe tricuspid regurgitation except:
A Jet area greater than 10 cm squared
B The vena contracta width is greater than 6.5 mm
8-2. A basic concept of the study of diastolic ventricular function and transmitral flow notes that:
A Quicker rises in E-waves are associated with good diastolic function
B A stiff ventricle that does not relax results in changes in atrial filling and the patterns of the pulmonary vein flows
C Changes in the E-wave and A-wave peaks parallel each other
D The area of the E-wave provides an assessment of diastolic dysfunction
8-3. True concerning E/A ratios in diastolic dysfunction:
A Differences in E/A ratios can distinguish normal from pseudonormal function
B A reduction in preload will help distinguish normal from pseudonormal ventricles with similar E/A ratios
8-4. A patient has an E/A ratio greater than 1, diastolic function can be further distinguished by all the following except:
