60 Statistics – 4
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| 1. Semantic differential scales are used in attitude measurement. |  |
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| 2. A cut-off point on the scores of the Present State Examination can be used to define caseness for screening purposes in epidemiological research. |  |
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| 3. The chi-squared test could be used in a study of comparison of pay vs. job satisfaction in two groups of workers aged 20 and aged 30. |  |
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| 4. Path analysis is used to develop classification systems. |  |
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| 5. Correlation between IQ and reading ability in a school-wide sample of children is found to be +0.55. Among a group of learning disabled children of similar age group, one might expect the correlation to be much greater. |  |
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| 6. In the design of an experimental study, ‘crossover’ means patients are paired and then swapped. |  |
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| 7. For a normally distributed variable the mean and standard deviation provide a sufficient statistical description. |  |
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| 8. The halo effect can be a source of error in experimental psychology. |  |
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| 9. Incidence is usually higher than prevalence for schizophrenia. |  |
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| 10. A Likert scale allows for a 5-point response. |  |
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| 11. Two samples significantly different on the Mann–Whitney test can have the same median. |  |
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| 12. Multivariate statistics can be measured by least squares. |  |
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| 13. In a study of the ego-strength of 16-year-old females working in a clothes factory, as an indicator of the ego-strength of all 16-year-old girls in the same city, the parameter is the mean ego-strength of 16-year-old females in the factory. |  |
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| 14. The power of a study is 1 minus type 2 error. |  |
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| 15. The Beck Depression Inventory is a self-rated questionnaire. |  |
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| 16. Regression is used to compare two groups. |  |
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| 17. In the construction of a psychometric rating scale, high test-retest reliability may impair the detection of individual change. |  |
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| 18. Every 10th name on a hospital admission register can be used for random sampling. |  |
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| 19. Psychiatric screening instruments used in a general hospital should have normative data. |  |
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| 20. In the construction of a psychometric rating scale, the type of population chosen for standardization must be different from the population for which the scale is intended. |  |
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| 21. A treatment trial shows no significant difference in efficacy between two antidepressants. This may be because the outcome measurement was based on a scale measuring traits rather than state. |  |
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| 22. If an association between two variables is statistically significant, it means that a causal association has been established. |  |
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| 23. The t-test is used to compare two groups. |  |
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| 24. In an experiment to determine whether drug therapy or hypnosis is better as a treatment to stop smoking, the results are measured by the number of cigarettes smoked after treatment. In this study, the number of cigarettes smoked before treatment is a dependent variable. |  |
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| 25. In a placebo-controlled trial of a new antidepressant where the subjects are matched in pairs and a suitable rating scale is used, a Wilcoxon test would be more sensitive than a t-test. |  |
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