Sarcoma (Uterine)

Published on 06/06/2015 by admin

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Last modified 06/06/2015

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Chapter 119 Sarcoma (Uterine)

INTRODUCTION

Description: Uterine sarcoma is characterized by sarcomatous change in the tissues of the Müllerian system including the endometrial stroma and myometrium. Mixed Müllerian sarcomas may include elements not native to the genital tract such as cartilage or bone (heterologous type).

Prevalence: Less than 5% of uterine malignancies, 1 of 800 smooth muscle tumors, 0.67 of 100,000 women older than age 20.

Predominant Age: 40 to 60, mean age 52.

Genetics: No genetic pattern. Seen more often in African-American women, although there is no racial predisposition.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

Causes: Etiology unknown.

Risk Factors: Leiomyomata, estrogen and obesity have also been proposed; oral contraceptive use is associated with a reduced risk.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Signs and Symptoms

• Bleeding and passage of tissue

• Lower abdominal pain and mass

• Rapid enlargement of the uterus

• Uterine growth after menopause

DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

Differential Diagnosis

• Benign leiomyomata

• Cervical cancer

• Ovarian cancer metastatic to the endometrium

• Metachronous Müllerian tumor

Associated Conditions: Breast or colon cancer.

Workup and Evaluation

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