Introduction:

Retinoschisis is defined as splitting of the retinal layers. In the peripheral retina, it occurs in a senile (more common) and a juvenile X-linked form. Traction on the macula can induce macular retinoschisis as well. This is most commonly seen in highly myopic individuals but rarely can occur secondary to an ERM or in an otherwise normal eye. Senile retinoschisis is estimated to occur in 4% of eyes of normal individuals. There is no gender preponderance. Most are stable and chronic, but some (around 1%) may progress to retinal detachment after developing inner and outer retinal holes or outer retinal holes alone.

Juvenile retinoschisis is a rare and usually X-linked condition that occurs in men. It is congenital, but its manifestations may not be apparent until later in life.

Clinical Presentation:

Senile retinoschisis is usually bilateral, with a smooth, domed appearance and most commonly develops inferotemporally (Fig. 25.1.1). There may be non-inflammatory sheathing of retinal blood vessels and retinal ‘snowflakes’ seen over the inner wall of the schisis cavity. An absolute scotoma is seen on visual field testing, in contrast to the relative scotoma seen in acute rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Both inner and outer retinal breaks may be seen, but rarely in conjunction. Unlike a retinal detachment, no demarcation line is seen, unless the schisis progresses into a combined detachment.