Urinary Retention

Published on 23/05/2015 by admin

Filed under Internal Medicine

Last modified 23/05/2015

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Urinary Retention

Retention of urine may be acute, chronic or acute-on-chronic. Patients with acute retention present as surgical emergencies. Acute retention is the sudden inability to pass urine, with the presence of painful bladder. Chronic retention is the presence of an enlarged, painless bladder with or without difficulty in micturition.

Causes

Local

Urethral lumen or bladder neck

• Urethral valves

• Meatal ulcer

Urethral or bladder wall

• Urethral trauma

• Urethral stricture

• Urethral tumour

Outside the wall

• Prostatic enlargement (Fig. 62)

• Faecal impaction

• Pregnant uterus

• Pelvic tumour

Figure 62 MRI (sagittal section) of a patient who presented with acute urinary retention.
The bladder (short arrow) is distended and there is an enlarged benign prostate (longer arrow).

General

Postoperative

Neurogenic

• Spinal cord injuries

• Spinal cord disease

• Diabetic autonomic neuropathy

• Multiple sclerosis

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