42 Old age psychiatry – 5
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| 1. Depression in the elderly is a risk factor for dementia. |  |
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| 2. Prognosis for depression in the elderly is better if depression also occurred earlier in life. |  |
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| 3. 98% of elderly patients who have an episode of mania also develop depressive episodes. |  |
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| 4. Cognitive testing may help differentiate depressive pseudodementia from dementia. |  |
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| 5. Late onset schizophrenia is not associated with paranoid premorbid personality. |  |
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| 6. Self-neglect in the elderly (Diogenes syndrome) is generally thought to be burnt out personality disorder. |  |
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| 7. The prevalence of dementia doubles every 5 years after age 65 years, until age 85 years. |  |
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| 8. There is an increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in cerebral palsy. |  |
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| 9. Oestrogen HRT is proven to delay the onset of Alzheimer’s dementia. |  |
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| 10. Stepwise cognitive decline is a recognized feature of Lewy body dementia. |  |
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| 11. Disorders of praxis are associated with Pick’s disease. |  |
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| 12. Hachinski Ischaemia Score can differentiate Alzheimer’s disease from vascular dementia. |  |
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| 13. Gait disturbance suggests vascular dementia rather than Alzheimer’s disease. |  |
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| 14. Normal ageing is associated with a decrease in astrocytes. |  |
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| 15. An elderly patient who suffers the first episode of depression is more likely to have large ventricles than someone of the same age who had several previous episodes. |  |
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| 16. Hyperphosphorylated tau leads to the formation of tangles in Alzheimer’s disease. |  |
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| 17. Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of tau protein. |  |
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| 18. White matter lesions on CT indicate better prognosis in dementia. |  |
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| 19. The Barthel index is used to monitor behavioural disturbance in the elderly. |  |
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| 20. The Royal College of Psychiatrists recommends one Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry per 100 000 people aged over 65 years. |  |
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| 21. Gastric pH is decreased in the elderly. |  |
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| 22. Relapse of depression in the elderly is significantly reduced by maintenance medication. |  |
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| 23. Cholinesterase inhibitors should be discontinued in patients with MMSE scores of less than 5/30. |  |
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| 24.
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