Normal Retinal Anatomy and Basic Pathologic Appearances
Normal Retinal Anatomy
Commercially available SD-OCT scanners have an axial resolution of between 4 µm and 7 µm and a transverse resolution of approximately 15 µm. This high resolution allows for exquisite viewing of the retinal detail. Due to the limited penetration of light beyond the pigmented RPE and the drop-off of the OCT signal with depth, the image at the level of the choroid has lower resolution. The layers of the normal retina are labeled in Figure 4.1.1.
General Appearance of Retinal Pathology on SD-OCT
Cystic Changes in Outer Retina
Discrete hyporeflective spaces are noticed primarily in the outer retina, but usually span multiple layers (Fig. 4.1.3).
The differential diagnosis includes:
▶ Branch retinal vein occlusion
▶ Central retinal vein occlusion
▶ Retinal telangiectasias (e.g. Coat’s disease, macular telangiectasia)
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