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Published on 07/06/2015 by admin

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Last modified 07/06/2015

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Nail Clubbing

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Pulmonary malignant neoplasm
• Cirrhosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Chronic bronchitis
• Congenital heart disease
• Endocarditis
• Arteriovenous (AV) malformations
• Asbestosis
• Trauma
• Idiopathic

Nail, Horizontal White Lines (Beau’s Lines)

• Malnutrition
• Idiopathic
• Trauma
• Prolonged systemic illnesses
• Pemphigus
• Raynaud’s disease

Nail, Koilonychia

• Trauma
• Iron deficiency
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Hemochromatosis
• Raynaud’s disease
• Nail-patella syndrome
• Idiopathic

Nail, Onycholysis

• Infection
• Trauma
• Psoriasis
• Connective tissue disorders
• Sarcoidosis
• Hyperthyroidism
• Amyloidosis
• Nutritional deficiencies

Nail Pitting

• Psoriasis
• Alopecia areata
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Trauma
• Idiopathic

Nail Splinter Hemorrhage

• Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
• Trauma
• Malignant neoplasms
• Oral contraceptives
• Pregnancy
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Antiphospholipid syndrome
• Psoriasis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Peptic ulcer disease

Nail Striations

• Psoriasis
• Alopecia areata
• Trauma
• Atopic dermatitis
• Vitiligo

Nail Telangiectasia

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Trauma
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Dermatomyositis

Nail Whitening (Terry’s Nails)

• Malnutrition
• Trauma
• Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatic failure)
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hyperthyroidism
• Idiopathic

Nail Yellowing

• Tobacco abuse
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Chronic infections (TB, sinusitis)
• Bronchiectasis
• Lymphedema
• Raynaud’s disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Pleural effusions
• Thyroiditis
• Immunodeficiency

Narcissistic Personality

• Mania and hypomania, which are characterized by an episodic course and impairments
• Dysthymia and major depressive episode, which cause depressed mood and feelings of worthlessness without criticism or perceived slight
• Substance-induced euphoria, especially cocaine abuse
• Histrionic, borderline, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders share common features and are often comorbid.
• Personality changes due to a general medical condition, including CNS processes in the frontal-temporal regions of the brain

Narcolepsy

• Sleep apnea
• Inadequate sleep time
• Insomnia
• Hypothyroidism
• Drugs and alcohol
• Seizures
• Sleep fragmentation (multiple causes)
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Depression

Nausea and Vomiting

• Infections (viral, bacterial)
• Intestinal obstruction
• Metabolic (e.g., uremia, electrolyte abnormalities, diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], acidosis)
• Severe pain
• Anxiety, fear
• Psychiatric disorders (bulimia, anorexia nervosa)
• Pregnancy
• Medications (e.g., NSAIDs, erythromycin, morphine, codeine, aminophylline, chemotherapeutic agents)
• Withdrawal from substance abuse (drugs, alcohol)
• Head trauma
• Vestibular or middle ear disease
• Migraine headache
• CNS neoplasms
• Radiation sickness
• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
• Carcinoma of GI tract
• Reye’s syndrome
• Eye disorders
• Abdominal trauma

Neck and Arm Pain

• Cervical disk syndrome
• Trauma, musculoskeletal strain
• Rotator cuff syndrome
• Bicipital tendinitis
• Glenohumeral arthritis
• Acromioclavicular arthritis
• Thoracic outlet syndrome
• Infection (cellulitis, abscess)
• Angina pectoris
• Pancoast tumor

Neck Mass29

• Congenital anomalies: thyroglossal duct cyst, bronchial apparatus anomalies, teratomas, ranula, dermoid cysts, hemangioma, laryngoceles, cystic hygroma
• Non-neoplastic inflammatory etiologies: folliculitis, adenopathy secondary to peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscess, salivary gland infections, viral infections (mononucleosis, HIV, cytomegalovirus [CMV]), TB, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, Actinomyces, atypical mycobacterium, jugular vein thrombus
• Neoplasm (primary or metastatic): lipoma

Neck Pain29

INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Spondyloarthropathies
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

NONINFLAMMATORY DISEASE

• Cervical osteoarthritis
• Discogenic neck pain
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
• Fibromyalgia or myofascial pain

INFECTIOUS CAUSES

• Meningitis
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