28 Mood disorders – 2
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| 1. The incidence of depression has decreased in the Western world in the last two decades. |  |
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| 2. Prevalence of mania in old age is 5%. |  |
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| 3. The difference between prevalence among males and females, of depression, narrows after age 65 years. |  |
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| 4. The age of onset of bipolar affective disorder is 5–10 years earlier than unipolar depression. |  |
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| 5. The genetic link between alcohol dependence and depression is determined by gender. |  |
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| 6. Obstetric complications are a risk factor for bipolar disorder. |  |
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| 7. Exit life events are more common than entry life events in depression. |  |
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| 8. Life events are no less likely to precede depression in the elderly than in adults. |  |
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| 9. Childhood sexual abuse doubles the risk of depression in adult men. |  |
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| 10. Women who terminate their pregnancies due to fetal abnormalities are more likely to become depressed than those who suffer spontaneous abortions. |  |
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| 11. The concordance of BPAD in monozygotic twins is approximately 60%. |  |
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| 12. The chance of the monozygotic twin of a proband with bipolar disorder developing schizophrenia is 3–5%. |  |
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| 13. Patients suffering from the first episode of depression in old age are more likely to have a family history of depression. |  |
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| 14. REM sleep is reduced in depression. |  |
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| 15. Delta waves in the EEG are increased in depression. |  |
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| 16. In depression blunted cortisol suppression and blunted response to TRH combined gives a diagnostic sensitivity of 80%. |  |
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| 17. There is usually a greater fall of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in depression than in normal volunteers. |  |
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| 18. Growth hormone response to clonidine is decreased in depression. |  |
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| 19. TSH response to TRH is normal in euthyroid depressed patients. |  |
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| 20. Melatonin secretion increases in the winter. |  |
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| 21. Platelet 5-HT binding is decreased in depression. |  |
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| 22. Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is significant in studies of depression. |  |
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| 23. Mania is associated with depressive symptoms more often in the elderly. |  |
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| 24. There is a familial component to response to antidepressant medication in BPAD. |  |
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| 25.
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