Mood disorders – 1

Published on 23/05/2015 by admin

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Last modified 23/05/2015

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27 Mood disorders – 1

Chris O’Loughlin

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1. Depression is less common in the recently unemployed with support.
2. Bipolar II disorder is more common in higher socio-economic groups.
3. Rapid cycling mood disorder is more common in women.
4. The gap in inception rates for depression in males and females increases with age.
5. The age of onset of bipolar affective disorder in females is earlier than in males.
6. Schizoaffective disorder was described by Kraepelin as a mixed affective state.
7. People from lower social classes are more likely than those from middle social classes to develop depression following a life event.
8. Poverty doubles the depression risk in women.
9. Hypomania differs from mania by the absence of psychotic symptoms.
10. Heritability for bipolar disorder is 45%.
11. The first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar affective disorder have a higher risk of developing schizoaffective disorder.
12. Relatives of patients with depression have increased genetic risk for alcoholism.
13. Genetic linkage studies of BPAD have shown that a susceptibility gene on chromosome 18 occurs in some families.
14. A disturbance in REM sleep often precedes the onset of depression.
15. ACTH secretion is increased in depression.
16. Salivary cortisol falls more than plasma cortisol in the dexamethasone suppression test.
17. Long-term caffeine use causes dexamethasone non-suppression.
18. TSH response to TRH is blunted in depression.
19. Melatonin changes have consistently been shown to cause depression.
20. In seasonal affective disorder there is clear evidence of disruption of melatonin circadian rhythms.
21. Tryptophan-induced prolactin release is increased in depression.
22. In depression, people are as likely to recall negative words about themselves as about other people.
23. Use of a light box for seasonal affective disorder is equally effective when used in the morning or the evening.
24. As the age of a person with BPAD increases, episodes of depression decrease in frequency, and episodes of mania increase in frequency.