Lymphocyte maturation

Published on 04/03/2015 by admin

Filed under Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine

Last modified 22/04/2025

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9 Lymphocyte maturation

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FIGURE 9–1 Lymphocyte sequence—B and T lymphoblasts.

Lymphoblast

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FIGURE 9–2A Lymphoblast.

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FIGURE 9–2B Schematic of lymphoblast.

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FIGURE 9–2C Electron micrograph of lymphoblast (×28,750). Lymphoblasts are difficult to distinguish morphologically in normal bone marrow.

Size:

10-20 μm

Nucleus:

Round to oval

Nucleoli:

≥1

Chromatin:

Fine, evenly stained

Cytoplasm:

Scant; slightly to moderately basophilic

Granules:

None

N/C RATIO:

7:1 to 4:1

Reference interval:

Bone marrow:

Not defined

Peripheral blood:

0%

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FIGURE 9–3 Lymphocyte sequence—B and T prolymphocytes.

Prolymphocyte

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FIGURE 9–4A Prolymphocyte.

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FIGURE 9–4B Schematic of prolymphocyte. Prolymphocytes are difficult to distinguish morphologically in normal bone marrow.

Size:

9-18 μm

Nucleus:

Round or indented

Nucleoli:

0-1; usually single, prominent, large nucleolus

Chromatin:

Slightly clumped; intermediate between lymphoblast and mature lymphocyte

Cytoplasm:

Light blue

Granules:

None

N/C RATIO:

3-4:1

Reference interval:

Bone marrow:

Not defined

Peripheral blood:

None

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FIGURE 9–5 Lymphocyte sequence—B and T lymphocytes. (NOTE: T lymphocytes cannot be distinguished from B lymphocytes with Wright stain.)

Lymphocyte

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FIGURE 9–6A Small lymphocyte.

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FIGURE 9–6B Schematic of lymphocyte.

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FIGURE 9–6C Large lymphocyte. Note irregular nucleus and more abundant cytoplasm than small lymphocyte.

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FIGURE 9–6D Large granular lymphocyte. Note prominent azurophilic granules in cytoplasm.

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FIGURE 9–6E Electron micrograph of lymphocyte (×30,000).

Size:

7-18 μm

Nucleus:

Round to oval; may be slightly indented

Nucleoli:

Occasional

Chromatin:

Condensed; clumped; blocky, smudged

Cytoplasm:

Scant to moderate; sky blue; vacuoles may be present

Granules:

None in small lymphocyte; may be a few azurophilic in larger lymphocytes; if granules are prominent, the cell is called a large granular lymphocyte.

N/C RATIO:

5:1 to 2:1

Reference interval (for combined small and large lymphocytes):

Bone marrow:

5% to 15%

Peripheral blood:

20% to 40%

Refer to Table 1-1 for more examples.

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FIGURE 9–7 Lymphocyte sequence—plasma cell.

Plasma cell

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FIGURE 9–8A Plasma cell.

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FIGURE 9–8B Schematic of plasma cell.

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FIGURE 9–8C Electron micrograph of plasma cell (×17,500).

Size:

8-20 μm

Nucleus:

Round or oval; eccentric

Nucleoli:

None

Chromatin:

Coarse

Cytoplasm:

Deeply basophilic, often with perinuclear clear zone (hof)

Granules:

None

Vacuoles:

None to several

N/C RATIO:

2:1 to 1:1

Reference interval:

Bone marrow:

0% to 1%

Peripheral blood:

0%

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FIGURE 9–9 Lymphocyte sequence with (A) lymphoblast, (B) prolymphocyte, (C) lymphocyte, and (D) plasma cell.

All photomicrographs are ×1000 original magnification with Wright-Giemsa staining unless stated otherwise.

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