Hypothyroidism

Published on 31/05/2015 by admin

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Last modified 31/05/2015

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Chapter 31 Hypothyroidism

INTRODUCTION

Description: Reduced or inadequate circulating levels of thyroid hormone. Women are 5 to 10 times more likely than men to suffer from hypothyroidism. Menstrual disturbances may be the first indication of this abnormality. Some women develop a transient (3 to 4 months) hypothyroid state (painless subacute thyroiditis) after giving birth.

Prevalence: Five to 10 of 1000 general population, 6% to 10% of women older than age 65.

Predominant Age: Older than age 40.

Genetics: No genetic pattern for idiopathic type, may be associated with type II autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4).

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS

Causes: Idiopathic or autoimmune (most common when goiter is present)—after ablative medical or surgical therapy. Postpartum thyroiditis (silent)—abnormalities of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) production or release.

Risk Factors: Age, other autoimmune disease, ablative therapy, pituitary failure.

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