Humerus Fractures

Published on 16/04/2015 by admin

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Last modified 16/04/2015

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21 Humerus Fractures

Anatomy of the Humerus

image

Humerus and Pectoral Girdle

image

Shoulder Joint and Ligaments

Humerus

• Parts and landmarks: head, greater tubercle (tuberosity), lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove), anatomical neck, surgical neck, deltoid tuberosity, radial groove, medial supracondylar ridge and epicondyle, lateral supracondylar ridge and epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum

Glenohumeral Joint

• Shallow, synovial ball-and-socket joint
• Supported by musculotendinous rotator cuff, composed of subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor fibers and tendons
• Fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum effectively deepens glenoid fossa.
• Complex subdeltoid and subacromial bursae can communicate (pathologically) with joint cavity.
• Long tendon of biceps (long head) passes in a synovial tunnel through the superior joint capsule to a supraglenoid tubercle insertion.

Elbow Joint

• Distal humerus can be viewed as having diverging medial and lateral columns, with functionally independent joints.

image Trochlea

image Termination of medial column
image Articulates with ulna: flexion and extension

image Capitulum

image Termination of lateral column
image Articulates with radius: rotation

• See also “Elbow Joint” in Chapter 22, Forearm Fractures
image

Arm: Serial Cross Sections

Compartments of the Arm

• Upper arm

image Lateral (deltoid, abductor): axillary nerve
image Anterior (biceps, flexor): musculocutaneous nerve
image Posterior (triceps, extensor): radial nerve

• Lower arm: anterior (biceps) and posterior (triceps)
• External investing brachial fascia is relatively tough.
• Brachial plexus and its nerves lie medially, between superior anterior and posterior compartments.

Vessels and Nerves

image

Arm: Brachial Artery and Anastomoses

Arterial Supply

• Subclavian artery provides numerous branches, forming anastomoses around scapula, glenohumeral joint, and proximal humerus.

image Dorsal scapular artery runs from base of neck along vertebral border of scapula.
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