Heart failure

Published on 23/06/2015 by admin

Filed under Emergency Medicine

Last modified 22/04/2025

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5.2 Heart failure

Causes of congestive heart failure14

Most cases of congestive heart failure in childhood result from congenital heart defects.

Clinical manifestations and investigations14

Management13,515

Current medications used in heart failure include diuretics, digoxin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

References

1 Park M.K. Congestive heart failure. In Park M.Y., editor: Pediatric cardiology for practitioners, 5th ed., Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2008.

2 Shaddy R.E., Tani L.Y. Chronic Congestive Heart failure. In Allen H.D., Driscoll D.J., Shaddy R.E., et al, editors: 2007 Moss and Adams’ heart disease in infants, children and adolescents: Including the fetus and young adult, 7th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.

3 Abelson W.H., Garth Smith R. Residents handbook of pediatrics, 7th ed. Toronto: The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, BC Decker Inc; 1987.

4 Guzman M.F., Hedley Brown A., Been M., et al. Manual of cardiorespiratory critical care. Sevenoaks, Kent: Butterworth; 1989.

5 Chang A.C., Hanley F.L., Wernovsky G., Wessel D.L. Pediatric cardiac intensive care. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1998.

6 Shaddy R.E. Optimizing treatment for chronic congestive heart failure in children. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(Suppl):S237-S240.

7 Schwartz S.M., Duffy J.Y., Pearl J.M., Nelson D.P. Cellular and molecular aspects of myocardial dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(Suppl.):S214-S219.

8 Clark B.J.IIIrd. Treatment of heart failure in infants and children. Heart Dis. 2000;2(5):354-361.

9 Buchhorn R., Hammersen A., Bartmus D., Bursch J. The pathogenesis of heart failure in infants with congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2001;11(5):498-504.

10 Kay J.D., Colan S.D., Graham T.P.Jr. Congestive heart failure in pediatric patients. Am Heart J. 2001;142(5):923-928.

11 Wernovsky G., Hoffman T.M. Pediatric heart failure management: Solving the puzzle. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(10 Suppl.):S212-S213.

12 Shaddy R.E. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers as therapy in pediatric chronic heart failure. Minerva Pediatr. 2001;53(4):297-304.

13 Shekerdemian L. Nonpharmacologic treatment of acute heart failure. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2001;13(3):240-246.

14 De Luca L., Colucci W.S., Nieminen H.S., et al. Evidence-based use of levosimendan in different clinical settings. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1908-1920.

15 Egan J.R., Clarke A.J.B., Williams S., et al. Levosimendan for low cardiac output: A pediatric experience. J Intensive Care Med. 2006;21(3):183-187.