Fig. 20.1 Basic life support. (out of hospital).

With permission from Resuscitation Council UK http://www.resus.org.uk * Studies have shown that compression alone is as good as compression with rescue breaths. Compression should be at least 5 cm and performed at 100 compressions/min. The heel of one hand is placed over the centre of the chest, and the heel of the second hand is placed over the first, with the fingers interlocked.

Fig. 20.2 Adult advanced life support.

CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PEA = pulseless electrical activity; VF = ventricular fibrillation.

(Reproduced with permission from the Resuscitation Council, http://www.resus.org.uk/siteindex.htm)

Fig. 20.3 Management of acute anaphylaxis (see p. 18)

Fig. 20.4 Management of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding (see also Box 5.3). TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portocaval shunt. (Tool-Kit for upper GI bleeding see: http://aomrc.org.uk/projects/upper-gastrointestinal-bleeding-toolkit.html)

Fig. 20.5 Management of fulminant hepatic failure. See along with Boxes 6.2, 6.3 for referral to liver transplant unit.

Fig. 20.6 Management of febrile neutropenic patient. See in conjunction with Box 8.5.

Fig. 20.7 Management of hot swollen joint (monoarthritis) (see also p. 321).

Fig. 20.8 Treatment of extreme hyponatraemia with a normal extracellular volume (see also p. 372)

Fig. 20.9 Treatment of severe acute hyperkalaemia (see also p. 376).

Fig. 20.10 Management of central chest pain — cardiac cause likely (see also p. 433).

Fig. 20.11 Acute coronary syndrome—management of STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). (see also p. 437)

Fig. 20.12 Acute coronary syndrome and management in N-STEMI (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction).

Fig. 20.13 Heimlich manoeuvre for treatment of inhaled foreign bodies.

Fig. 20.14 Management of pneumothorax (see p. 528).

Fig. 20.15 Management of massive pulmonary embolism (see p. 522).

Fig. 20.16 Management of acute severe asthma (see also p. 503).

Fig. 20.17 Management of shock (see also p. 555).

Fig. 20.18 Management of severe hypercalcaemia (see also p. 587).

Fig. 20.19 Management of acute adrenal failure (see also p. 583).

Fig. 20.20 Management of stroke (see also p. 628 and p. 631, Box 17.3).

Fig. 20.21 Management of the comatose patient (see also p. 624, Box 17.1).