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Published on 07/06/2015 by admin

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Echinococcosis

• Cystic neoplasms

• Abscess (amebic or bacterial)

• Congenital polycystic disease

Eczema Herpeticum

• Contact dermatitis

• Dermatitis herpetiformis

• Bullous pemphigoid

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

• Marfan syndrome

• Osteogenesis imperfecta

• Autosomal dominant cutis laxa

• Familial joint hypermobility

• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Ejaculation Disorders

• Erectile dysfunction

• Low seminal volume attributable to hypogonadism or ejaculatory duct obstruction

• Anxiety disorder

• Medications (e.g., SSRIs, β-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants)

Ejaculation, Premature

• In as many as 25% of men with complaints of premature ejaculation, partner is anorgasmic.

• In young adolescents, premature ejaculation may be normally experienced as a consequence of heightened excitation.

• Anxiety disorder

Emesis, Pediatric Age ²⁰

INFANCY

Gastrointestinal Tract

• Regurgitation: chalasia, gastroesophageal reflux

• Atresia: stenosis (tracheoesophageal fistula, prepyloric diaphragm, intestinal atresia)

• Duplication

• Volvulus (errors in rotation and fixation, Meckel’s diverticulum)

• Congenital bands

• Hirschsprung’s disease

• Meconium ileus (cystic fibrosis [CF]), meconium plug

Non–Gastrointestinal Tract

• Infectious: otitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, sepsis, meningitis

• Metabolic: aminoaciduria and organic aciduria, galactosemia, fructosemia, adrenogenital syndrome, renal tubular acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, Reye’s syndrome

• CNS: trauma, tumor, infection, diencephalic syndrome, rumination, autonomic responses (pain, shock)

• Medications: anticholinergics, aspirin, alcohol, idiosyncratic reaction (e.g., codeine)

Empyema

• Uninfected parapneumonic effusion

• Congestive heart failure (CHF)

• Malignant neoplasm involving the pleura

• Tuberculous pleurisy

• Collagen-vascular disease (particularly rheumatoid lung and systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE])

Encephalopathy

• Dementia: distinguished from encephalopathy by a history of slowly progressive cognitive decline over time (fluctuating cognitive function is rare except in diffuse Lewy body disease).

• Hypersomnia

• Aphasia: distinguished from encephalopathy by virtue of its representing a specific disorder of language rather than a global disturbance of cognitive function.

• Psychosis: some overlap with encephalopathy because delusions and hallucinations may be common to both.

• Vegetative state from cerebral injury; these patients appear awake (eyes are open), but there is no content to their consciousness.

• Akinetic mutism: these patients do not talk and do not move; there is little fluctuation in their state, and there is no asterixis.

• Locked-in syndrome: may be distinguished from encephalopathy by the presence of fixed neurologic deficits (e.g., paralysis of all four limbs).

Endometrial Cancer

• Atypical hyperplasia

• Other genital tract malignant disease

• Atrophic vaginitis

• Granuloma cell tumor

• Fibroid uterus

Enuresis

• May be associated with encopresis and sleep disorders such as sleep terrors; much less likely to be a primary psychological disorder

• Organic causes of enuresis include diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, bladder outlet obstruction, small bladder capacity, detrusor instability, urethral valves, meatal stenosis, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, pelvic mass, impacted stool, sedating medications, and nocturnal seizures.

Eosinophilic Fasciitis

• Systemic sclerosis

• Chemical-induced sclerosis

• Generalized lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

• Graft-versus-host disease

• Porphyria cutanea tarda

• Chronic Lyme borreliosis

Eosinophilic Pneumonia

• Brucellosis

• Fungal diseases

• Bronchogenic carcinoma

• Hodgkin’s disease

• Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy

• Rheumatoid lung disease

• Sarcoidosis

Eosinophiluria

• Interstitial nephritis

• Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism (ATN)

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)

• Kidney transplant rejection

• Hepatorenal syndrome

Ephelides (Freckles)

• Melanocytic nevus

• Tinea versicolor

• Seborrheic keratosis

• Café au lait spots

Epicondylitis

• Cervical radiculopathy

• Intra-articular elbow pathology (osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans, loose body)

• Radial nerve compression

• Ulnar neuropathy

• Medial collateral ligament instability

Epidermoid Cyst (Sebaceous Cyst, Epidermal Inclusion Cyst)

• Insect bite

• Trichilemmoma

• Granuloma annulare

• Dermoid cyst

Epididymitis

• Testicular torsion, trauma, or tumor

• Epididymal cyst

• Spermatocele

Epiglottitis

• Peritonsillar abscess

• Retropharyngeal abscess

• Foreign body aspiration

• Lingual tonsillitis

Epilepsy

• Psychogenic spells

• Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

• Hypoglycemia

• Paroxysmal vertigo

• Arrhythmias

• Drug reaction

Episcleritis

• Acute glaucoma

• Conjunctivitis

• Subconjunctival hemorrhage

• Congenital or lymphoid masses

Epstein-Barr Infection

• Heterophil-negative infectious mononucleosis caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV)

• Although clinical presentation is similar, CMV more frequently follows transfusion.

• Bacterial and viral causes of pharyngitis

• Toxoplasmosis

• Acute retroviral syndrome of HIV

Erythrasma

• Contact dermatitis

• Pityriasis rosea

Esophageal Cancer

• Achalasia of the esophagus

• Scleroderma of the esophagus

• Diffuse esophageal spasm

• Esophageal rings and webs

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

• Barrett’s esophagus

Esophageal Perforation ²⁷

• Caustic burns

• Foreign bodies

• Spontaneous rupture (Boerhaave’s syndrome)

• Postoperative breakdown of anastomosis

Essential Tremor

• Parkinson’s disease: tremor is usually asymmetric, especially early in the disease, and it is predominantly a resting tremor. Patients with Parkinson’s disease will also have increased tone, decreased facial expression, slowness of movement, and shuffling gait.

• Cerebellar tremor: an intention tremor that increases at the end of a goal-directed movement (such as finger to nose testing). Other associated neurologic abnormalities include ataxia, dysarthria, and difficulty with tandem gait.

• Drug induced: many drugs enhance normal, physiologic tremor. These include caffeine, nicotine, lithium, levothyroxine, β-adrenergic bronchodilators, valproate, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

• Wilson’s disease: wing-beating tremor that is most pronounced with shoulders abducted, elbows flexed, and fingers pointing toward each other. There are usually other neurologic abnormalities, including dysarthria, dystonia, and Kayser-Fleischer rings on ophthalmologic examination.

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