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Published on 07/06/2015 by admin

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Last modified 07/06/2015

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Earache34

• Otitis media
• Serous otitis media
• Eustachitis
• Otitis externa
• Otitic barotrauma
• Mastoiditis
• Foreign body
• Impacted cerumen
• Referred otalgia, as with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, dental problems, and tumors

Echinococcosis

• Cystic neoplasms
• Abscess (amebic or bacterial)
• Congenital polycystic disease

Eclampsia

• Preexisting seizure disorder
• Metabolic abnormalities (hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia)
• Substance abuse
• Head trauma, infection (meningitis, encephalitis)
• Intracerebral bleeding or thrombosis
• Amniotic fluid embolism
• Space-occupying brain lesions or neoplasms
• Pseudoseizure

Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Secretion14

• Small cell carcinoma of lung
• Endocrine tumors of foregut origin
• Thymic carcinoid
• Islet cell tumor
• Medullary carcinoid, thyroid
• Bronchial carcinoid
• Pheochromocytoma
• Ovarian tumor

Ectopic Pregnancy

• Corpus luteum cyst
• Rupture or torsion of ovarian cyst
• Threatened or incomplete abortion
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Appendicitis
• Gastroenteritis
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
• Degenerating uterine fibroids
• Endometriosis

Eczema Herpeticum

• Impetigo
• Contact dermatitis
• Pemphigus
• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Bullous pemphigoid

Edema, Children20

CARDIOVASCULAR

• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Acute thrombi or emboli
• Vasculitis of many types

RENAL

• Nephrotic syndrome
• Glomerulonephritis of many types
• End-stage renal failure

ENDOCRINE OR METABOLIC

• Thyroid disease
• Starvation
• Hereditary angioedema

IATROGENIC

• Drugs (diuretics and steroids)
• Water or salt overload

HEMATOLOGIC

• Hemolytic disease of the newborn

GASTROINTESTINAL

• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Protein-losing enteritis
• Lymphangiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis (CF)
• Celiac disease
• Enteritis of many types

LYMPHATIC ABNORMALITIES

• Congenital (gonadal dysgenesis)
• Acquired

Edema, Generalized

• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Cirrhosis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Idiopathic
• Acute nephritic syndrome
• Myxedema
• Medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], estrogens, vasodilators)

Edema, Leg, Unilateral27

WITH PAIN

• Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
• Postphlebitic syndrome
• Popliteal cyst rupture
• Gastrocnemius rupture
• Cellulitis
• Psoas or other abscess

WITHOUT PAIN

• DVT
• Postphlebitic syndrome
• Other venous insufficiency (after saphenous vein harvest, varicosities)
• Lymphatic obstruction/lymphedema (carcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoidosis, filariasis, retroperitoneal fibrosis)

Edema of Lower Extremities

• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Hepatic cirrhosis
• Nephrosis
• Myxedema
• Lymphedema
• Pregnancy
• Abdominal pelvic mass: neoplasm, cyst
• Venous compression from abdominal aneurysm
• Varicose veins
• Bilateral cellulitis
• Bilateral thrombophlebitis
• Vena cava thrombosis, venous thrombosis
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

• Marfan syndrome
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Autosomal dominant cutis laxa
• Familial joint hypermobility
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Ejaculation Disorders

• Erectile dysfunction
• Low seminal volume attributable to hypogonadism or ejaculatory duct obstruction
• Anxiety disorder
• Medications (e.g., SSRIs, β-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants)

Ejaculation, Premature

• In as many as 25% of men with complaints of premature ejaculation, partner is anorgasmic.
• In young adolescents, premature ejaculation may be normally experienced as a consequence of heightened excitation.
• Anxiety disorder

Ejection Sound or Click

• Aortic regurgitation
• Aortic root dilatation
• Systemic hypertension
• Chronic pulmonary hypertension
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Atrial septal defect
• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• Aortic aneurysm

Elbow Pain

• Trauma
• Infection
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Lateral or medial epicondylitis
• Entrapment neuropathy
• Olecranon bursitis
• Osteoarthritis
• Gout
• Cervical disease (referred pain)
• Shoulder disease (referred pain)
• Partial subluxation
• Synovial osteochondromatosis
• Loose body

Elevated Hemidiaphragm

• Neoplasm (bronchogenic carcinoma, mediastinal neoplasm, intrahepatic lesion)
• Infectious process (pneumonia, empyema, TB, subphrenic abscess, hepatic abscess)
• Atelectasis
• Idiopathic
• Eventration
• Phrenic nerve dysfunction (myelitis, myotonia, herpes zoster)
• Substernal thyroid
• Trauma to phrenic nerve or diaphragm (e.g., surgery)
• Aortic aneurysm
• Intra-abdominal mass
• Pulmonary infarction
• Pleurisy
• Radiation therapy
• Rib fracture

Emboli, Arterial27

• Myocardial infarction (MI) with mural thrombi
• Atrial fibrillation
• Cardiomyopathy
• Prosthetic heart valve
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Endocarditis
• Left ventricular (LV) aneurysm
• Left atrial myxoma
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Paradoxical embolus from venous thrombosis
• Aneurysms of large blood vessels
• Atheromatous ulcers of large blood vessels

Emesis, Pediatric Age20

INFANCY

Gastrointestinal Tract

• Congenital

• Regurgitation: chalasia, gastroesophageal reflux
• Atresia: stenosis (tracheoesophageal fistula, prepyloric diaphragm, intestinal atresia)
• Duplication
• Volvulus (errors in rotation and fixation, Meckel’s diverticulum)
• Congenital bands
• Hirschsprung’s disease
• Meconium ileus (cystic fibrosis [CF]), meconium plug

• Acquired

• Acute infectious gastroenteritis, food poisoning (staphylococcal, clostridial)
• Pyloric stenosis
• Gastritis, duodenitis
• Intussusception
• Incarcerated hernia: inguinal, internal secondary to old adhesions
• Cow’s milk protein intolerance, food allergy, eosinophilic gastroenteritis
• Disaccharidase deficiency
• Celiac disease: presents after introduction of gluten in diet; inherited risk
• Adynamic ileus: the mediator for many nongastrointestinal causes
• Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
• Chronic granulomatous disease with gastric outlet obstruction

Non–Gastrointestinal Tract

• Infectious: otitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, sepsis, meningitis
• Metabolic: aminoaciduria and organic aciduria, galactosemia, fructosemia, adrenogenital syndrome, renal tubular acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, Reye’s syndrome
• CNS: trauma, tumor, infection, diencephalic syndrome, rumination, autonomic responses (pain, shock)
• Medications: anticholinergics, aspirin, alcohol, idiosyncratic reaction (e.g., codeine)

CHILDHOOD

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