Dysphagia
Dysphagia means difficulty in swallowing and should be distinguished from pain on swallowing. Dysphagia may be associated with ingestion of solids or liquids, or both. Pain on swallowing is odynophagia, which in itself does not interfere with the act of swallowing.
Causes
Acquired
In the Wall
Figure 14 Barium swallow showing oesophageal carcinoma.
The barium swallow reveals an irregular narrow stricture at the distal oesophagus with ‘shouldering’ where the contrast tapers into the stricture.
Outside the Wall
Neuromuscular Disorders
History
Congenital
Acquired
In the lumen
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