Drugs

Published on 24/02/2015 by admin

Filed under Anesthesiology

Last modified 24/02/2015

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Drugs

Acetaminophen (ofirmev)

Adenosine (adenocard)

Albuterol sulfate (proventil, ventolin)

Alfentanil HCL (alfenta)

Alprostadil, PGE1 (prostin VR)

Aminocaproic acid (amicar)

Aminophylline (theodur, others)

Amiodarone (cordarone)

Dose: Loading: oral: 800 to 1600 mg/day for 1 to 3 weeks; maintenance: oral: 200 to 600 mg/day; therapeutic level: 1 to 2.5 mcg/mL

Dosage forms: tablets: 200 mg; intravenous: 100 to 300 mg

The recommended starting dose of intravenous amiodarone HCl is about 1000 mg over the first 24 hours of therapy delivered by the following infusion:

Amrinone lactate (inocor)

Aprepitant (emend)

Atracurium (tracrium)

Atropine sulfate

Dose: Adults: sinus bradycardia. CPR: intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, via endotracheal tube (diluted in 10 mL of sterile water or normal saline): 0.5 to 1 mg every 3 to 5 minutes as indicated (maximum dose: 40 mcg/kg/event). Preoperative: 0.4 mg intramuscular, subcutaneous, or oral: 30 to 60 minutes preinduction.

Blockade of muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases: 7 to 10 mcg/kg with edrophonium, 15 to 30 mcg/kg with neostigmine, 15 to 20 mcg/kg with pyridostigmine

Bronchodilation: inhalation: 0.025 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hours. Dilute to 2 to 3 mL in normal saline and deliver by compressed air nebulizer (maximum dose: 2.5 mg/dose). Pediatric bronchodilatory dose: 0.05 mg/kg diluted in normal saline three or four times daily.

Children: sinus bradycardia, CPR: intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or via endotracheal tube: 0.02 mg/kg every 5 minutes up to a maximum of 1 mg in children and 2 mg in adolescents (minimum dose, 0.1 mg).Preoperative: oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous: 0.02 mg/kg for neonates, 0.1 mg for children weighing 3 kg, 0.2 mg for those weighing 7 to 9 kg, and 0.3 mg for those weighing 12 to 16 kg.

Dosage forms: injection: 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, and 1 mg/mL; inhalation solution: 0.2%, 0.5%; tablets: 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg

Precautions and contraindications: Avoid atropine in situations in which tachycardia would be harmful (i.e., thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, coronary artery disease). Avoid in hyperpyrexial states because it inhibits sweating. It is contraindicated in acute-angle glaucoma, obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract, obstructive uropathy, paralytic ileus or intestinal atony, and acute hemorrhage in patients with unstable cardiovascular status. Use it with caution in patients with tachyarrhythmias, hepatic or renal disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease (because a reduction in bronchial secretions may lead to formation of bronchial plugs), autonomic neuropathy, hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal infections, and ulcerative colitis.

Bumetanide

Bupivacaine HCL (marcaine, sensorcaine)

Chloroprocaine HCL (nesacaine)

Cimetidine (tagamet)

Cleviprex (clevidipine)

Clonidine (catapres, dixarit); epidural clonidine (catapres, duraclon)

Dose: Maintenance: 0.2 to 0.6 mg/day orally in two divided doses. Hypertensive emergencies: 0.15 mg intravenously over 5 minutes. Transdermal patch: every 7 days (maximum dose: 0.6 mg/day). The same doses are used in renal impairment.

Epidural: must be preservative free. Postoperative pain: epidural clonidine combined with an opiate analgesic: 30 mcg/hr if added to fentanyl. Neuropathic pain: continuous epidural infusion combined with an opiate analgesic is 30 mcg/hr.

All dosages must be titrated to pain relief and the incidence of side effects.

The recommended starting dose of epidural clonidine HCl for continuous epidural infusion is 30 mcg/hr. Although dosage may be titrated up or down, depending on pain relief and occurrence of adverse events, experience with dosage rates above 40 mcg/hr is limited.

Familiarization with the continuous epidural infusion device is essential. Patients receiving epidural clonidine from a continuous infusion device should be closely monitored for the first few days to assess their response.

The 500 mcg/mL (0.5 mg/mL) strength product must be diluted before use in 0.9% sodium chloride for injection to a final concentration of 100 mcg/mL.

Cocaine HCL (cocaine)

Codeine

Cyclosporine (sandimmune, others)

Dantrolene sodium (dantrium)

Dose: Adults: MHT: 1 mg/kg rapid intravenous bolus; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes until symptoms are controlled; the dose may be repeated to a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg; oral doses of 4 to 8 mg/kg/day for 1 to 3 days may be administered in three or four divided doses to prevent recurrence of the manifestations. Prophylaxis of MHT: 2.5 mg/kg intravenous bolus 10 to 30 minutes preinduction; then 1.25 mg/kg intravenous bolus 6 hours later.

Dosage forms: capsules: 25, 50, 100 mg; parenteral injection: 20 mg. Administration: reconstitute by adding 60 mL of preservative-free sterile water for injection to each 20-mg vial and shake the vial until clear. Avoid diluent that contains a bacteriostatic agent. Protect from light and use within 6 hours. For direct intravenous injection. Avoid extravasation.

Adverse effects:

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