Describing and communicating the learning outcomes

Published on 01/06/2015 by admin

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8 Describing and communicating the learning outcomes

Different frameworks or models can be used to categorise and communicate learning outcomes.

Learning frameworks

Learning outcomes are structured round a number of domains – usually no more than 12. Each domain represents a category of learning outcomes, for example clinical skills. Learning outcomes are then specified for each of the domains.

Several frameworks or models for grouping learning outcomes have been described. Not surprisingly the different frameworks, while having significant differences, have much in common. Some of the most widely used frameworks are described below.

The dundee three-circle outcome model and ‘the scottish doctor’ framework

This framework is based on 12 domains. It is different from other frameworks in that the domains are incorporated in a three-circle model that emphasises the relationship between the different domains (Fig. 8.1). We have looked in Chapter 5 at a similar model for describing the good teacher.

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Fig 8.1 The three-circle model for learning outcomes incorporating 12 domains.

The inner circle represents the technical skills of the doctor or what the doctor is able to do – ‘doing the right thing’. It includes seven domains:

1. clinical skills

2. practical procedures

3. patient investigations

4. patient management

5. health promotion and disease prevention

6. communication

7. information handling skills.

The middle circle represents the way the doctor approaches the tasks in the inner circle –‘doing the thing right’:

8. understanding of social, basic and clinical sciences

9. appropriate attitudes and ethical understanding

10. decision making skills and clinical judgement.

The outer circle represents the development of the personal attributes of the individual – ‘the right person doing it’:

11. the role of the doctor.

12. personal development.

This model is described in more detail in Appendix 6.

The three-circle model with the 12 outcome domains has been adopted in ‘The Scottish Doctor’ as a description of the abilities of medical graduates from the five Scottish Medical Schools. The approach has also been used in other countries.

The canmeds physician competency framework

The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada developed a framework built round seven physician roles. These make explicit the abilities of the highly skilled physician. The roles are:

1. Medical expert: applying knowledge skills and attitudes to patient care.

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