59 Deformity of a lower limb
Salient features
Questions
Advanced-level questions
Is poliomyelitis preventable?
Yes, three types of poliovaccine are available (each containing all three strains of the virus):
What are the features of closed spina bifida?
• Cutaneous: lumbosacral lipoma, hypertrichosis, sinus or dimple above the sacrum, naevus or scarring
• Unilateral shortening of one leg and foot with a deficiency of the muscles below the knee. There may be calcaneovalgus or equinovarus deformity. Sensory loss in the fifth lumbar and first sacral dermatome is common
• Neuropathic bladder, enuresis
• Bony changes on radiograph: sacral dysgenesis, scoliosis, laminar fusion of vertebral body, pedicle erosion and bony spurs.