Cricopharyngeal Achalasia

Published on 20/07/2015 by admin

Filed under Radiology

Last modified 22/04/2025

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 Pharyngoesophageal junction: C5-6 level

• Videofluoroscopic recording: Frontal, lateral, and oblique

image Rapid sequence filmong required for demonstration

TOP DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES

• Cervical osteophytes (indentation)

image Large anterior cervical osteophytes can impinge on pharyngoesophageal junction, simulating cricopharyngeal achalasia
• Esophageal tumor

image Tumor at pharyngoesophageal junction may constrict lumen concentrically or eccentrically

PATHOLOGY

• Usually just “poor timing” of cricopharyngeal contraction

image Due to “presbyesophagus” or other cause of dysmotility in most cases
• May occur as an isolated abnormality

CLINICAL ISSUES

• Intermittent symptoms: Dysphagia, food “sticking” in throat (at suprasternal level)
• Treat underlying problem

image e.g., reflux esophagitis with spasm
• Rarely requires cricopharyngeal myotomy or botulinim toxin injection

DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

• Persistent narrowing or just intermittent indentation
• Smoothly outlined lip-like projection posteriorly at C5-6 level with jet effect seen via narrowed lumen
image
(Left) Graphic shows hypertrophied contracted cricopharyngeus muscle image at the pharyngoesophageal junction (usually near the C5-6 cervical level).

image
(Right) Lateral view from an esophagram shows a typical appearance of cricopharyngeal achalasia, with a large filling defect image along the posterior wall of the pharyngoesophageal junction, at the C5-6 level. Note the distension of the pharynx image proximal to this process.
image
(Left) Lateral film from an esophagram shows a prominent cricopharyngeal “bar” image at the C5-6 level in a woman with symptoms of reflux and pills “sticking” in her throat.

image
(Right) Spot film of the lower esophagus in the same woman shows a hiatal hernia image and marked gastroesophageal reflux. Cricopharyngeal achalasia is most often seen in patients with other esophageal disorders, such as reflux esophagitis or motility disorders.
image
Lateral esophagram shows rounded, hypertrophied cricopharyngeus muscle impinging on the posterior lumen at the pharyngoesophageal junction image.

image
Lateral esophagram shows prominent cricopharyngeus image, pharyngeal distention, and an esophageal web image.