Chapter 34 Breech presentation
Incidence. There is an increase in incidence with decreasing gestation. At 20–25 weeks gestation, 30%–40% of fetuses are breech, and at 32 weeks gestation the incidence is 15%, while at term 2%–4% of fetuses are in the breech presentation.
Risk factors
| Fetal | Maternal |
|---|---|
| Prematurity | Past history |
| Multiple pregnancy | Primigravida |
| Abnormality | Uterine abnormalities |
| Intrauterine fetal death | Pelvic tumour |
| Raised or lowered amniotic fluid volume | Contracted pelvis |
| Placenta praevia | Drugs: anticonvulsants, drugs of abuse |
| Reduced growth or activity | Idiopathic |
