Bone

Published on 11/03/2015 by admin

Filed under Orthopaedics

Last modified 22/04/2025

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1 Bone

Bone is a highly vascular connective tissue, in which bone cells are enclosed in a mineralised intercellular matrix interposed with a system of collagenous fibres.

The organic matrix forms one-third of the structure and gives resilience and a degree of flexibility; the mineral salts (mainly calcium and phosphorus) form the remaining two-thirds and provide the strength and weightbearing capabilities of the bone.

Structure of bone

There are two main types of bone: compact (dense) and cancellous (spongy). Compact bone forms the surface layers or cortex of mature bones and cancellous bone the interior aspect.

Elsewhere the red bone marrow becomes inactive yellow marrow.

Ossification

Ossification is the formation of bone from connective tissue and requires:

Growth of the bone is influenced by the following hormones:

Terminology

The names of most aspects of bone can be built up logically from a combination of some of the following: