Ankle and Foot Fractures

Published on 16/04/2015 by admin

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Last modified 16/04/2015

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26 Ankle and Foot Fractures

Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot

image

Bones of the Foot

Malleoli

• Articulate with trochlea of talus
• Medial malleolus: distal tibia
• Lateral malleolus: distal fibula

Tarsal Bones

• Talus

image Only bone articulating with tibia and fibula
image Parts and landmarks

image Head, neck, body, trochlea, lateral process, posterior process (medial, lateral tubercles)
image Lateral tubercle may be unfused.

image No muscular attachments
image Flexor hallucis longus tendon runs between medial and lateral tubercles.

• Calcaneus

image Has multiple facets, posterior largest
image Sustentaculum tali

image Supports talar neck, attached to spring ligament
image Overlies flexor hallucis longus tendon

image Calcaneal tendon (Achilles) attached to posterior superior tuberosity

• Navicular: boat-shaped, with medial tuberosity for tibialis posterior insertion
• Cuboid

image Tuberosity and cuboid groove inferior
image Most lateral tarsal bone
image Articulates with metatarsals IV and V
image Inferior groove for peroneus longus tendon

• Medial cuneiform

image Largest of 3, for metatarsal I
image Bears partial insertion of peroneus longus

• Intermediate cuneiform

image Shortest
image Metatarsal II base is recessed, fracturable

• Lateral cuneiform: articulates with both navicular and cuboid, as well as metatarsal III

Metatarsal Bones

• Anterior support of longitudinal arch
• 5, numbered I-V, 1-5
• Base, body, head; characteristics of long bone
• Peroneus brevis inserts on base of metatarsal V

Phalanges

• Digit 1 (hallux): proximal and distal (2), 2 sesamoid bones
• Digits 2-5: proximal, medial, distal (3)

Ankle and Foot Joints

• Ankle joint

image Synovial hinge (ginglymus)
image Mortise-and-tenon structure with talus between malleoli

• Numerous complex synovial joints exist between individual tarsals and between tarsals and metatarsals.
• Transverse tarsal joint (Chopart)

image Calcaneus with cuboid + talus with navicular
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