The respiratory system consists of the external nose, internal nose, and paranasal sinuses; the pharynx, which is the common passage for air and food; the larynx, where the voice is produced; and the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Accessory structures necessary for the operation of the respiratory system are the pleurae, diaphragm, thoracic wall, and muscles that raise and lower the ribs in inspiration and expiration. The muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall are also accessory to forceful
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