Aerobic

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Chapter 11 Aerobic

11.1 Aerobic Exercises

OVERVIEW.

Aerobic exercise involves submaximal, rhythmic, repetitive activity that uses large muscle groups and requires increasing uptake of oxygen.¹ The goal for aerobic exercise is improved fitness (cardiovascular function), endurance (prolonged work without fatigue), maximal oxygen uptake (improved efficiency), conditioning (increased energy capacity), adaptation (ability to satisfy energy requirements at increasing activity levels), and the avoidance of deconditioning.

Some equipment used during these repetitive exercises includes ergometers, treadmills, aquatics, pulleys, weights, hydraulics, elastic resistive bands, robotics, and mechanical devices.

SUMMARY: CONTRAINDICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS.

Aerobic exercise concerns chiefly center around cardiac disease (placing increasing O₂ demand on a stressed system), poorly controlled metabolic disorders (leading to potential cardiac complications), retinopathy (offending blood pressure and traction forces), orthopedic problems (if high impact on joints), neuropathies (sensory loss-related impact injuries; abnormal autonomic cardiac responses), renal/dialysis complications (poorly controlled comorbidities), and pregnancy (if mother or fetus are stressed).

Notes: (1) “Red flags” noted by one source ² are conditions that may present with serious symptoms and signs during exercise—not just aerobic exercise. These conditions and associated signs suggest timely medical referral and/or management. (2) Aerobic exercise is a broad topic with diverse source backgrounds; some concerns may overlap with resistive exercise (also see Resistive exercise).

PROCEDURAL CONCERNS

1 Cameron MH. Physical agents in rehabilitation: From research to practice. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

2 Musnick D, Hall C. Red flags: Potentially serious symptoms and signs in exercising patients. Appendix 2. In: Hall CM, Brody LT, editors. Therapeutic exercise: Moving toward function. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

3 Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. The endocrine and metabolic systems. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

4 Neid RJ, Franklin B. Promoting and prescribing exercise for the elderly. Am Fam Phys. 2002;65(3):419-426.

5 Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Problems affecting multiple systems. In: Goodman CC, Boissonnault WG, Fuller KS, editors. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2003.

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