ABG sampling technique

Published on 09/04/2015 by admin

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Last modified 09/04/2015

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1.6 ABG sampling technique

Before you can interpret an ABG you must, of course, obtain a sample of arterial blood. The following steps should be used as a guide but the best way to learn is at the bedside with experienced supervision.

Before sampling

• Confirm the need for the ABG and identify any contraindications (Box 1.6.1).
• Always record details of O2 therapy and respiratory support (e.g. ventilator settings).
• Unless results are required urgently, allow at least 20 minutes after any change in O2 therapy before sampling (to achieve a steady state).
• Explain to the patient why you are doing the test, what it involves and the possible complications (bleeding, bruising, arterial thrombosis, infection and pain); then obtain consent to proceed.
• Prepare the necessary equipment (heparinised syringe with cap, 20–22G needle, sharps disposal container, gauze) and don universal precautions.
• Identify a suitable site for sampling by palpating the radial, brachial or femoral artery (Figure 18). Routine sampling should, initially, be attempted from the radial artery of the non-dominant arm.

Box 1.6.1 Contraindications to ABG analysis*

Inadequate collateral circulation at the puncture site

Should not be performed through a lesion or a surgical shunt

Evidence of peripheral vascular disease distant to the puncture site

A coagulopathy or medium- to high-dose anticoagulation therapy

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