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Published on 07/06/2015 by admin

Filed under Internal Medicine

Last modified 22/04/2025

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Nail, Horizontal White Lines (Beau’s Lines)

• Malnutrition

• Prolonged systemic illnesses

• Raynaud’s disease

Nail, Koilonychia

• Iron deficiency

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• Hemochromatosis

• Raynaud’s disease

• Nail-patella syndrome

Nail, Onycholysis

• Connective tissue disorders

• Sarcoidosis

• Hyperthyroidism

• Amyloidosis

• Nutritional deficiencies

Nail Pitting

• Alopecia areata

• Reiter’s syndrome

Nail Striations

• Alopecia areata

• Atopic dermatitis

Nail Telangiectasia

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Scleroderma

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• Dermatomyositis

Nail Whitening (Terry’s Nails)

• Malnutrition

• Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatic failure)

• Diabetes mellitus

• Hyperthyroidism

Narcissistic Personality

• Mania and hypomania, which are characterized by an episodic course and impairments

• Dysthymia and major depressive episode, which cause depressed mood and feelings of worthlessness without criticism or perceived slight

• Substance-induced euphoria, especially cocaine abuse

• Histrionic, borderline, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders share common features and are often comorbid.

• Personality changes due to a general medical condition, including CNS processes in the frontal-temporal regions of the brain

Neck Mass ²⁹

• Congenital anomalies: thyroglossal duct cyst, bronchial apparatus anomalies, teratomas, ranula, dermoid cysts, hemangioma, laryngoceles, cystic hygroma

• Non-neoplastic inflammatory etiologies: folliculitis, adenopathy secondary to peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscess, salivary gland infections, viral infections (mononucleosis, HIV, cytomegalovirus [CMV]), TB, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, Actinomyces, atypical mycobacterium, jugular vein thrombus

• Neoplasm (primary or metastatic): lipoma

Necrobiosis Lipoidica

• Granuloma annulare

• Lichen sclerosus

Nephroblastoma

• Other renal malignant neoplasms: hypernephroma, transitional cell carcinoma, lymphoma, clear cell sarcoma, rhabdoid tumor of the kidney

• Other intra-abdominal or retroperitoneal tumors

Neuroblastoma

• Other small, round, blue cell childhood tumors, such as lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)

• Wilms’ tumor

• Hepatoblastoma

Neurofibromatosis

• Abdominal neurofibromatosis

• Myxoid lipoma

• Nodular fasciitis

• Fibrous histiocytoma

• Segmental NF

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

• Heat stroke, drug-induced states and overdose (ecstasy abuse, phencyclidine), thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma, serotonin syndrome

• Malignant hyperthermia, catatonia, acute psychosis with agitation

• CNS or systemic infections, including sepsis

Neurologic Deficit, Multifocal ²⁷

• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: postviral or postimmunization

• Infectious encephalomyelitis: poliovirus, enteroviruses, arbovirus, herpes zoster, Epstein-Barr virus

• Granulomatous encephalomyelitis: sarcoid

• Autoimmune: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• Other: familial spinocerebellar degenerations

Neuropathies with Facial Nerve Involvement

• Sarcoidosis

• HIV infection

• Lyme disease

• Guillain-Barré syndrome

• Others: chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy, Tangier disease, amyloidosis

Neuropathy, Hereditary

• Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease; other genetic, metabolic, and multisystem disorders including

• Spinocerebellar ataxias

• Friedreich’s ataxia

• Leukodystrophies

• Refsum’s disease (elevated serum phytanic acid)

• Distal spinal muscular atrophies and distal myopathies, which can present with pes cavus and other foot deformities

• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)

• Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure-sensitive palsies (HNPP)

• Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA), which typically is painful rather than painless. In addition, in HNA, there is no evidence of generalized polyneuropathy.

• Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB): autoimmune mediated and pure motor

• Neuropathy associated with renal failure

• Lead neuropathy

• Neuropathy relating to paraproteinemia (demyelinating pathophysiology)

Nevus Flammeus

• Capillary hemangioma

• Salmon patch

• Cherry angiomas

• Glomus tumor

• Lymphocytoma cutis

Nevus of Ota and Ito

• Late-onset dermal melanosis

Nodular Lesions, Skin

• Cherry angioma

• Angiokeratoma

• Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma

• Nodular melanoma

• Pyogenic granuloma

• Angiosarcoma

• Eccrine poroma

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

• Alcohol-induced liver disease (A daily alcohol intake of 20 g in women and 30 g in men [three 12-oz beers or 12 oz of wine] may be enough to cause alcohol-induced liver disease.)

• Viral hepatitis

• Autoimmune hepatitis

• Toxin- or drug-induced liver disease

Nummular Eczema

• Atopic dermatitis

• Contact dermatitis

• Stasis dermatitis

• Tinea infection

Nystagmus, Monocular

• Multiple sclerosis

• Monocular blindness

• Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

• Lid fasciculations

• Brainstem infarct

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N

Nail, Horizontal White Lines (Beau’s Lines)

• Malnutrition

• Prolonged systemic illnesses

• Raynaud’s disease

Nail, Koilonychia

• Iron deficiency

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• Hemochromatosis

• Raynaud’s disease

• Nail-patella syndrome

Nail, Onycholysis

• Connective tissue disorders

• Sarcoidosis

• Hyperthyroidism

• Amyloidosis

• Nutritional deficiencies

Nail Pitting

• Alopecia areata

• Reiter’s syndrome

Nail Striations

• Alopecia areata

• Atopic dermatitis

Nail Telangiectasia

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Scleroderma

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

• Dermatomyositis

Nail Whitening (Terry’s Nails)

• Malnutrition

• Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis, hepatic failure)

• Diabetes mellitus

• Hyperthyroidism

Narcissistic Personality

• Mania and hypomania, which are characterized by an episodic course and impairments

• Dysthymia and major depressive episode, which cause depressed mood and feelings of worthlessness without criticism or perceived slight

• Substance-induced euphoria, especially cocaine abuse

• Histrionic, borderline, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders share common features and are often comorbid.

• Personality changes due to a general medical condition, including CNS processes in the frontal-temporal regions of the brain

Neck Mass ²⁹

• Congenital anomalies: thyroglossal duct cyst, bronchial apparatus anomalies, teratomas, ranula, dermoid cysts, hemangioma, laryngoceles, cystic hygroma

• Non-neoplastic inflammatory etiologies: folliculitis, adenopathy secondary to peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscess, salivary gland infections, viral infections (mononucleosis, HIV, cytomegalovirus [CMV]), TB, cat-scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, Actinomyces, atypical mycobacterium, jugular vein thrombus

• Neoplasm (primary or metastatic): lipoma

Neck Pain ²⁹

INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

• Spondyloarthropathies

• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

NONINFLAMMATORY DISEASE

• Cervical osteoarthritis

• Discogenic neck pain

• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis

• Fibromyalgia or myofascial pain

INFECTIOUS CAUSES

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Ferris Differential Diagnosis A Practical Guide to the Different