10: Systemic vascular disease

Published on 02/03/2015 by admin

Filed under Internal Medicine

Last modified 22/04/2025

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TOPIC 10 Systemic vascular disease

Aortic wall thickness 95

Aortic dissection 95

Classification 96

Stanford classification 96

Secondary hypertension 96

Aortic wall thickness

Measurement of aortic wall thickness can be used to assess cardiovascular risk. Aortic mean average wall thickness is increased by atheromatous disease which preferentially affects the aortic media. Aortic mean average wall thickness also increases with age, is higher in males and non-Caucasian races.

Men: mean average wall thickness 2.32 mm

Women: mean average wall thickness 2.11 mm.

Secondary hypertension

Table 10.1 Anatomical classification of thoracic aortic dissection

Causes	Marker	Normal range
Kidney disease	Blood
Creatinine	Men:	45–90 μmol/L (0.5–1.0 mg/dl)
	Women:	60–110 μmol/L (0.7–1.2 mg/dl)
Urine output
GFR	Men:	< 70 ml/min/m²
	Women:	< 60 ml/min/m²
Cushing’s syndrome	Dexamethasone suppression test
Cortisol	N/A
ACTH	N/A
Phaeochromocytoma	24-hour urine
	Epinephrine	0.5–20 μg/24 hours
	Norenephrine	15–80 μg/24 hours
	Dopamine	65–400 μg/24 hours
	Renin	20–100 mU/L
Conn’s syndrome	Low renin	<20
	Aldosterone/renin ratio	>750
Hyperthyroidism	TSH	0.3–3.0 mIU/L
	Thyroxine (T4)	4–11 μg/dl
	T3	130–220 ng/dl

GFR = glomerular filtration rate, ACTH = adrenocorticotrophic hormone, TSH = thyroid stimulation hormone.

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